Diet

As people age, metabolism slows and thirst may diminish.  Older adults should drink water throughout the day. Smaller meals throughout the day, with a variety of foods from the different food groups, is a good idea. 

Fats, sugars and salt should be used sparing.  Whole grains, darkly colored fruits and vegetables and legumes are recommended as they are “nutritionally dense.”  Older people who are inactive may be less hungry, eat less food and therefore take in less nutrients and calories to fuel the body.  

It is important to evaluate the nutritional status of an older individual especially as it directly impacts health conditions and medication use. 

Some dietary researchers stress the need for vitamin and mineral supplements in later years (for example, vitamins D, B-12 and calcium).  Any use of vitamins or supplements should be discussed with a health care provider to determine if it will impact health or other medications. 

Consulting a "geriatric" trained dietitian or nutrition specialist is a good idea to get input on the specific needs of an individual given lifestyle, health problems, disabilities, medications and activity level.

Exercise

The body, at any age, will benefit from exercise and healthy eating habits.  The benefits include renewed energy, clearer thinking, improved sleep, stronger bones, greater flexibility, enhanced muscle strength, greater endurance, improved organ functions (i.e. heart and lung), improved immune functions and reduced tension.

Though some challenges may arise with illness, pain or mobility issues, there are ways to modify exercise practices.

Keys to exercise success include:

• choosing an activity that is enjoyable
• beginning slowly and pacing yourself
• joining a program or class where there is supervision, fun and support from others
• picking an exercise buddy for company and motivation
• keeping an exercise journal to record successes
• celebrating successes in healthy ways 

Discuss exercise intentions and practices with your health care provider. Know any physical signs that would alert you to take it easy.  If you have specific considerations or limitations, consult a physical therapist or health and movement professional to make sure that you make the best choices for your body.